| A |
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| Air-Dried: |
(see Seasoned) |
| ALS: |
American Lumber Standard. Grading standards and nomenclature for American softwood lumber. |
| APA: |
American Plywood Association |
| Arbor: |
An axle or spindle that supports cutting tools that spin or rotate. |
| AWPA: |
American Wood Preservers Association |
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| B |
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| Band Saw: |
A saw consisting of a continuous piece of flexible steel, with teeth on one side or both. |
| Bastard Sawn: |
Lumber cut where the annual rings make angles of 30 to 60 degrees with the surface of the piece. |
| Beam: |
A structural member supporting a load applied transversly to it. |
| Bolt: |
Usually a short log of a length suitable for manufacturing pulpwood or peeling veneer. |
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| C |
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| Cant: |
A large slabbed log on the headsaw, usually having one or more rounded edges, which is destined for further processing. |
| Check: |
A lengthwise separation of wood, normally occurring across or through the rings of annual growth and is usually the result of seasoning. |
| Chipboard: |
A panel made with large chips as the raw material. |
| Circular Saw: |
A round saw having teeth on its perimeter. |
| Composite: |
A wood product produced by bonding wood fiber by heat and pressure. |
| Cooperage: |
Containers having two round heads and a body composed of staves, such as barrels or kegs. |
| Cord: |
A unit of measure equal to a stack of wood 4x4x8 feet or 128 cubic feet. |
| Core: |
Inner plies in a piece of plywood whose grain direction runs perpendicular to that of the outer plies. |
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| D |
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| Delivered Price: |
The price of wood with freight included. |
| Delignification: |
removal of lignin from wood by chemical treatment. |
| Density: |
The mass of wood substance enclosed within the boundary surfaces of a wood-plus-voids complex having unit volume. |
| Dimension: |
Lumber that is from two inches up to, but not including, five inches thick, and that is two or more inches in width. |
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| E |
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| Edger: |
Sawmill machinery used to saw cants after they come off the headrig, squaring the edges and ripping the cants into lumber. |
| Edging: |
Waste pieces of wood cut by an edger. |
| Excelsior: |
Long, curly, slender strands of wood used as an aggregate component for some particleboards and as a packing material. |
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| F |
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| Fiberboard: |
A composite panel product like particle board, hardboard, chipboard. |
| Fines: |
Fine milled chips used in the production of particleboard; larger than sander dust or wood flour. |
| Flake: |
A small flat wood particle of predetermined dimensions, uniform thickness, with fiber direction in essentially in the same plane of the flake. |
| Flitch: |
A log sawn on two or more sides form which veneer is sliced. |
| Flooring: |
A tongue and grooved piece of wood lumber used in constructing a floor. |
| Forestry: |
The science of forest management. |
| Framing: |
Lumber used for structural members in a house or other building. |
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| G |
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| Gang Mill: |
A machine in which several saws make parallel cuts. |
| Grade: |
The designation of the quality of a manufactured piece of wood or of logs. |
| Grain: |
The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood or lumber. |
| Greenchain: |
A moving belt or chain on which lumber is transported from saws to areas where workers stack the wood by certain specifications. |
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| H |
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| Heading: |
The pieces of lumber from which a keg or barrel head is cut. |
| Headrig: |
The principle saw in a sawmill on which logs are first cut into cants. |
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| I |
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| Insulation Board: |
A board made from ligno-cellulostic fibers, usually wood or cane which are interfelted to create the principal source of bond. |
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| J |
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| Joint: |
The place where two or more pieces of material meet. |
| Joist: |
A piece of lumber or composite I-beam product that supports a ceiling or floor. |
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| K |
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| Kerf: |
The width of a saw cut. |
| Kiln: |
A chamber having controlled air-flow, temperature, and relative humidity for drying wood products. |
| Kraft: |
A heavy paper or paperboard made from wood pulp using a method of boiling wood chips in a sodium sulfate solution. |
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| L |
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| Laminate: |
The bonding of two or more pieces of wood to make a single piece. |
| Lathe: |
A machine on which logs are peeled to yield veneer for plywood. |
| Lignin: |
The second most abundant component of wood. It is a cementing layer between the wood cells. |
| Lumber Scale: |
A volumetric measurement used in determining the amount of lumber produced. |
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| M |
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| MBF: |
Thousand board feet |
| MDF: |
Medium Density Fiberboard |
| Millwork: |
Lumber that has been remanufactured into door and window parts or decorative trim. |
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| N |
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| Naval Stores: |
A general term for chemical that can be extracted from wood. |
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| O |
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| OSB: |
Oriented Strand Board |
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| P |
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| Pallet: |
A low wood platform on which material can be stacked to facilitate mechanical handling. |
| Panel: |
A sheet of plywood, particleboard, or other similar product, usually of standard size, such as 4x8 feet. |
| Parallel-Laminated Veneer: |
Veneers which grains have been glued parallel to one another. |
| Particleboard: |
A term used to describe panel products made from particles of wood larger than fiber. |
| Peel: |
To produce veneer by revolving a peeler block against a knife. |
| Piling: |
Round timbers or poles driven into the ground to support a load. |
| Planer: |
A machine to surface rough lumber. Plywood : A panel made up of thin sheets of veneer which the grain direction is at right angles to each other. |
| Pressure Treating: |
A process of impregnating wood products with chemicals by forcing into the structure of wood with high pressure. |
| Pulp: |
A soft, moist mass of wood fiber used in the manufacture of paper. |
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| Q |
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| Quarter Sawn: |
Lumber sawn so that the annual rings form angles of 45 to 90 degrees with the surface of the piece. |
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| R |
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| Radial Sawn: |
(see Quarter Sawn) |
| Resaw: |
To saw a piece of lumber along its horizontal axis. |
| Resin: |
A natural vegetable substance occurring in various plants and trees, especially the coniferous species. |
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| S |
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| Sash: |
The portion of a window that holds the glass. |
| Sash Gang: |
A series of blades that are fixed vertically between two horizontal members; used to rip cants. |
| Saw Arbor: |
The shaft and bearings that hold a power-driven saw. |
| Scoot: |
Inferior hardwood lumber. |
| Seasoned: |
Green wood, either air-dried or mechanically dried to remove moisture to improve serviceability. |
| Shake: |
A lengthwise grain separation between growth rings, or a break through the rings, usually the result of high winds. |
| Shear: |
The tendency of wood fibers to slide longitudinally. |
| Sheathing: |
Plywood, waferboard, OSB, or lumber used to close up side walls. |
| Slab: |
The exterior portion of a log removed by a saw, having one flat and one curved surface. |
| Sliced Veneer: |
Veneer that is cut from a block using a knife which results in individual pieces instead of a continuous sheet . |
| Stud: |
Slender wood structural member used as a supporting element in walls and partitions. |
| Stumpwood: |
Wood product taken from the stump portion of a severed tree. |
| Stumpage: |
The monetary value of standing timber. |
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| T |
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| Tall oil: |
A byproduct of the paper-making process. Distilling tall oil produces many products like adhesives, carbon paper, inks, lubricants, and gasoline additives. |
| Trimer: |
A beam that receives the end of a header in floor framing. |
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| U |
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| Unit: |
a stack of lumber or plywood, usually of a standard size. |
| Under-Run: |
A loss in inventory volume, so that the amount manufactured or sold was less than was indicated by the volume of raw material. |
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| V |
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| Veneer: |
Wood peeled, sawn, or sliced into sheets of a given constant thickness and combined with glue to produce plywood. |
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| W |
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| Waferboard: |
A panel product of wafers of wood bound together by resin, heat, and pressure; can be made of species not suitable for lumber or plyboard production. |
| Wane: |
Bark, or the lack of wood from any cause, on the edge or corner of a piece of lumber. |
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| Y |
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| Yard: |
A place where wood products are stored of or made available for sale. |
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| Z |
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| Z Flashing: |
Z shaped metal flashing applied between panels of plywood siding to shed water. |
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